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1 engineering regulations
ER, engineering regulationsEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > engineering regulations
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2 engineering regulations
1) Общая лексика: нормативно-технические акты2) Военный термин: технические инструкцииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > engineering regulations
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3 ER
1) Общая лексика: emergency response (SEIC)2) Компьютерная техника: Escape Request3) Биология: endoplasmic reticulum4) Медицина: пункт первой помощи (emergency room), estrogen receptor (эстрогеновый рецептор), event rate (доказательная медицина)5) Американизм: Emergency Response, Enslaved Race, Extended Resolution6) Спорт: Engineered For Racing, Event Referee, Extra Receiver7) Военный термин: EAGLE REACH, Eastern Region, Electro Rheological, Electronic Reserve, Emergency Reserve, Ever Ready, Expected Runs, Extended Response, echo ranging, effectiveness report, electronic reconnaissance, emergency request, emergency rescue, en-route, engineering regulations, engineering report, equipment regulations, equipment requirements, evaluation report, explosives report, extended range, Extended Range (дальнего действия; дальнобойный)8) Техника: earth return, effective resistance, electro reflectance, electron recording, electron resist, electrorefining, emergency recovery, equivalent roentgen, erase relay, error rate, error recorder9) Химия: Electron Reflectometer10) Метеорология: Earth Resource11) Юридический термин: Evaluate Refute, Everybody Run, Expert Resources, Evidence Rules (court rules)12) Политика: Eritrea13) Телекоммуникации: Egress Router, equipment room14) Сокращение: Electro-rheological (fluid), English Russian, Exfiltration Rocket, electrical resistance, engine room, enhanced radiation, established reliability, electron-recording tube, external resistance, станция скорой помощи15) Физиология: Eat Regularly, Emergency room, Enhanced Response, External Rotation16) Электроника: Electrode Rod, Electronic Ram17) Вычислительная техника: explicit rate18) Нефть: enhanced recovery, erosion, reservoir recovery efficiency, аварийное восстановление (работоспособности, emergency recovery), добыча нефти с воздействием на пласт (для повышения нефтеотдачи), установленная надёжность (established reliability)19) Иммунология: Estrogen receptor20) Пищевая промышленность: Extra Rare21) Фирменный знак: Erie22) Экология: environmental report23) СМИ: Edit And Revise24) SAP. работодатель25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Employee Relations, expense report, extended reach, expenditure request [estimate] (similar/identical to OME), expenditure request (similar/identical to OME; estimate)26) ЕБРР: exhaustible resources, tender evaluation report27) Полимеры: evolution reaction, extruded rod28) Автоматика: entity-relationship29) Полупроводники: electro-reflectance30) Химическое оружие: engineering regulation, environmental restoration31) Расширение файла: Error Recovery32) Нефть и газ: engineering room33) Имена и фамилии: Edward Rizzo, Elizabeth Regina34) Фармация: extended release (с продленным высвобождением активного вещества (лекарственная форма))35) Должность: Easily Replaced36) Чат: Electronic Relationships37) Правительство: East Rudolf38) НАСА: Eastern Range, Eva Rescue39) Международная торговля: External Relations -
4 Er
1) Общая лексика: emergency response (SEIC)2) Компьютерная техника: Escape Request3) Биология: endoplasmic reticulum4) Медицина: пункт первой помощи (emergency room), estrogen receptor (эстрогеновый рецептор), event rate (доказательная медицина)5) Американизм: Emergency Response, Enslaved Race, Extended Resolution6) Спорт: Engineered For Racing, Event Referee, Extra Receiver7) Военный термин: EAGLE REACH, Eastern Region, Electro Rheological, Electronic Reserve, Emergency Reserve, Ever Ready, Expected Runs, Extended Response, echo ranging, effectiveness report, electronic reconnaissance, emergency request, emergency rescue, en-route, engineering regulations, engineering report, equipment regulations, equipment requirements, evaluation report, explosives report, extended range, Extended Range (дальнего действия; дальнобойный)8) Техника: earth return, effective resistance, electro reflectance, electron recording, electron resist, electrorefining, emergency recovery, equivalent roentgen, erase relay, error rate, error recorder9) Химия: Electron Reflectometer10) Метеорология: Earth Resource11) Юридический термин: Evaluate Refute, Everybody Run, Expert Resources, Evidence Rules (court rules)12) Политика: Eritrea13) Телекоммуникации: Egress Router, equipment room14) Сокращение: Electro-rheological (fluid), English Russian, Exfiltration Rocket, electrical resistance, engine room, enhanced radiation, established reliability, electron-recording tube, external resistance, станция скорой помощи15) Физиология: Eat Regularly, Emergency room, Enhanced Response, External Rotation16) Электроника: Electrode Rod, Electronic Ram17) Вычислительная техника: explicit rate18) Нефть: enhanced recovery, erosion, reservoir recovery efficiency, аварийное восстановление (работоспособности, emergency recovery), добыча нефти с воздействием на пласт (для повышения нефтеотдачи), установленная надёжность (established reliability)19) Иммунология: Estrogen receptor20) Пищевая промышленность: Extra Rare21) Фирменный знак: Erie22) Экология: environmental report23) СМИ: Edit And Revise24) SAP. работодатель25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Employee Relations, expense report, extended reach, expenditure request [estimate] (similar/identical to OME), expenditure request (similar/identical to OME; estimate)26) ЕБРР: exhaustible resources, tender evaluation report27) Полимеры: evolution reaction, extruded rod28) Автоматика: entity-relationship29) Полупроводники: electro-reflectance30) Химическое оружие: engineering regulation, environmental restoration31) Расширение файла: Error Recovery32) Нефть и газ: engineering room33) Имена и фамилии: Edward Rizzo, Elizabeth Regina34) Фармация: extended release (с продленным высвобождением активного вещества (лекарственная форма))35) Должность: Easily Replaced36) Чат: Electronic Relationships37) Правительство: East Rudolf38) НАСА: Eastern Range, Eva Rescue39) Международная торговля: External Relations -
5 er
1) Общая лексика: emergency response (SEIC)2) Компьютерная техника: Escape Request3) Биология: endoplasmic reticulum4) Медицина: пункт первой помощи (emergency room), estrogen receptor (эстрогеновый рецептор), event rate (доказательная медицина)5) Американизм: Emergency Response, Enslaved Race, Extended Resolution6) Спорт: Engineered For Racing, Event Referee, Extra Receiver7) Военный термин: EAGLE REACH, Eastern Region, Electro Rheological, Electronic Reserve, Emergency Reserve, Ever Ready, Expected Runs, Extended Response, echo ranging, effectiveness report, electronic reconnaissance, emergency request, emergency rescue, en-route, engineering regulations, engineering report, equipment regulations, equipment requirements, evaluation report, explosives report, extended range, Extended Range (дальнего действия; дальнобойный)8) Техника: earth return, effective resistance, electro reflectance, electron recording, electron resist, electrorefining, emergency recovery, equivalent roentgen, erase relay, error rate, error recorder9) Химия: Electron Reflectometer10) Метеорология: Earth Resource11) Юридический термин: Evaluate Refute, Everybody Run, Expert Resources, Evidence Rules (court rules)12) Политика: Eritrea13) Телекоммуникации: Egress Router, equipment room14) Сокращение: Electro-rheological (fluid), English Russian, Exfiltration Rocket, electrical resistance, engine room, enhanced radiation, established reliability, electron-recording tube, external resistance, станция скорой помощи15) Физиология: Eat Regularly, Emergency room, Enhanced Response, External Rotation16) Электроника: Electrode Rod, Electronic Ram17) Вычислительная техника: explicit rate18) Нефть: enhanced recovery, erosion, reservoir recovery efficiency, аварийное восстановление (работоспособности, emergency recovery), добыча нефти с воздействием на пласт (для повышения нефтеотдачи), установленная надёжность (established reliability)19) Иммунология: Estrogen receptor20) Пищевая промышленность: Extra Rare21) Фирменный знак: Erie22) Экология: environmental report23) СМИ: Edit And Revise24) SAP. работодатель25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Employee Relations, expense report, extended reach, expenditure request [estimate] (similar/identical to OME), expenditure request (similar/identical to OME; estimate)26) ЕБРР: exhaustible resources, tender evaluation report27) Полимеры: evolution reaction, extruded rod28) Автоматика: entity-relationship29) Полупроводники: electro-reflectance30) Химическое оружие: engineering regulation, environmental restoration31) Расширение файла: Error Recovery32) Нефть и газ: engineering room33) Имена и фамилии: Edward Rizzo, Elizabeth Regina34) Фармация: extended release (с продленным высвобождением активного вещества (лекарственная форма))35) Должность: Easily Replaced36) Чат: Electronic Relationships37) Правительство: East Rudolf38) НАСА: Eastern Range, Eva Rescue39) Международная торговля: External Relations -
6 ER
ER, echo rangingопределение расстояния с помощью отраженных сигналов, эхолокация————————ER, effectiveness report————————ER, electronic reconnaissanceрадиотехническая разведка, РТР; радиоэлектронная разведка, РЭР————————ER, emergency request————————ER, Бр Emergency Reserve————————ER, engineering regulations————————ER, engineering report————————ER, enhanced radiation (warhead)————————ER, equipment reguirements————————ER, equipment regulations————————ER, evaluation report(служебная) аттестация; аттестационная карточка; донесение с оценкой, оценка————————ER, explosives report————————ER, extended range (missile)————————ER; E/R, emergency rescue————————ER; E/R, en-routeEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > ER
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7 EMERS
Сокращение: Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Regulations (UK) -
8 EEE
1) Военный термин: Encrypt Encrypt Encrypt, Explore Expand Exterminate, energy efficient engine2) Техника: electrical, electronic and electrochemical3) Сельское хозяйство: Eastern equine encephalitis4) Сокращение: Conference on E-Technology, E-Commerce, and E-Service ( IEEE International Conference), Eastern Economic Edition (Indian publications of printed US materials), Ed, Edd & Eddy (cartoon show), Electronic Equipment Enclosures (Bellcore), Espace Economique Europeen (French: European Economic Area), earth and environmental engineering, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, economic exchange event, electrical & electronics engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, electrical engineering electives, electrical, electronic and electromechanical, electromagnetic environmental effects, electronic entertainment expo, electronic, electrical and electromechanical parts, embrace, extend and extinguish, end-to-end encryption (Cisco), enterprise extended edition (IBM)5) Текстиль: Exceptional Extra Exquisite6) Университет: Electronic And Electrical Engineering8) Нефть: evaluation of effects on the environment (Regulations concerning the EEE, 1994, Russian Federation)9) Экология: Energy Equity Ecology, (regulations concerning the EEE, 1994 Russian federation) оценка воздействия на окружающую природную среду10) Деловая лексика: Effectiveness Efficiency And Economy11) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Evaluation of Effects on the Environment (Regulations concerning the EEE, 1994 Russian Federation)12) Образование: Exposure Experience And Education, Extended Educational Experiences13) Программирование: Environment Embedding Executable14) Должность: Electrical and Electronic Engineering15) НАСА: Electrical And Electronic Equipment16) AMEX. Canadian 88 Energy Corporation -
9 sanitary
'sænitəri1) (of or concerning conditions or arrangements that encourage good health.) sanitario2) (free from dirt and germs: The conditions in that camp are not sanitary.) higiénico•tr['sænɪtərɪ]1 (to do with health) sanitario,-a, de sanidad2 (hygienic) higiénico,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLsanitary inspector inspector,-ra de sanidadsanitary napkin / sanitary pad / sanitary towel compresasanitary ['sænətɛri] adj1) : sanitariosanitary measures: medidas sanitarias2) hygienic: higiénico3)sanitary napkin : compresa f, paño m higiénicoadj.• sanitario, -a adj.'sænəteri, 'sænɪtria) ( concerning health) (before n) <conditions/regulations> sanitario, de salubridad; <engineer/engineering> de saneamiento, sanitario; < inspector> de sanidadb) ( hygienic) higiénico, salubre['sænɪtǝrɪ]1.ADJ (=clean) higiénico; (=for health protection) de sanidad2.CPDsanitary engineer N — ingeniero(-a) m / f sanitario(-a)
sanitary inspector N — inspector(a) m / f de sanidad
sanitary napkin N — (US) compresa f, paño m higiénico
sanitary protection N — (=tampons, sanitary towels) protección f higiénica
sanitary towel N — (Brit) compresa f, paño m higiénico
* * *['sænəteri, 'sænɪtri]a) ( concerning health) (before n) <conditions/regulations> sanitario, de salubridad; <engineer/engineering> de saneamiento, sanitario; < inspector> de sanidadb) ( hygienic) higiénico, salubre -
10 EO
1) Общая лексика: An (is a directive from the President to executive agencies, issued under constitutional or statutory authority. Executive orders are published in the Federal Register and in title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations.), EUROPEAN OPERATIONS2) Компьютерная техника: Eight Ones, end office3) Авиация: техническая директива (указание) (Engineering Order)4) Медицина: этиленоксид5) Спорт: Extreme Offense6) Военный термин: Engagement Operations, Equal Opportunity, Escape Orbit, Essential Oil, Excessive Overkill, Executive Order, Extreme Offensive, electro-optical, emergency organization, end objective, engineer officer, engineering order, entertainments officer, equipment operator, executive officer, explosive ordnance, explosives officer, extended operations7) Техника: Earth observation, electric-to-optic, electrically operated, emergency officer, enforcement officer8) Сокращение: Electro-Optic, Electro-Optics, Engineering Officer, Erasable Optical, Esperanto, engine oil, ethylene oxide9) Физиология: Essential Oils10) Вычислительная техника: Europe Online (Netzwerk), End Office (Telephony)11) СМИ: End Opening12) Деловая лексика: Economical Office, Establishing Operation13) Сетевые технологии: electronic office, электронное учреждение14) Макаров: electrooptic, electrooptical15) Печатные платы: engineering order, engineering change order16) Должность: Eminent Occultist17) Правительство: Eastern Oregon -
11 Eo
1) Общая лексика: An (is a directive from the President to executive agencies, issued under constitutional or statutory authority. Executive orders are published in the Federal Register and in title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations.), EUROPEAN OPERATIONS2) Компьютерная техника: Eight Ones, end office3) Авиация: техническая директива (указание) (Engineering Order)4) Медицина: этиленоксид5) Спорт: Extreme Offense6) Военный термин: Engagement Operations, Equal Opportunity, Escape Orbit, Essential Oil, Excessive Overkill, Executive Order, Extreme Offensive, electro-optical, emergency organization, end objective, engineer officer, engineering order, entertainments officer, equipment operator, executive officer, explosive ordnance, explosives officer, extended operations7) Техника: Earth observation, electric-to-optic, electrically operated, emergency officer, enforcement officer8) Сокращение: Electro-Optic, Electro-Optics, Engineering Officer, Erasable Optical, Esperanto, engine oil, ethylene oxide9) Физиология: Essential Oils10) Вычислительная техника: Europe Online (Netzwerk), End Office (Telephony)11) СМИ: End Opening12) Деловая лексика: Economical Office, Establishing Operation13) Сетевые технологии: electronic office, электронное учреждение14) Макаров: electrooptic, electrooptical15) Печатные платы: engineering order, engineering change order16) Должность: Eminent Occultist17) Правительство: Eastern Oregon -
12 eo
1) Общая лексика: An (is a directive from the President to executive agencies, issued under constitutional or statutory authority. Executive orders are published in the Federal Register and in title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations.), EUROPEAN OPERATIONS2) Компьютерная техника: Eight Ones, end office3) Авиация: техническая директива (указание) (Engineering Order)4) Медицина: этиленоксид5) Спорт: Extreme Offense6) Военный термин: Engagement Operations, Equal Opportunity, Escape Orbit, Essential Oil, Excessive Overkill, Executive Order, Extreme Offensive, electro-optical, emergency organization, end objective, engineer officer, engineering order, entertainments officer, equipment operator, executive officer, explosive ordnance, explosives officer, extended operations7) Техника: Earth observation, electric-to-optic, electrically operated, emergency officer, enforcement officer8) Сокращение: Electro-Optic, Electro-Optics, Engineering Officer, Erasable Optical, Esperanto, engine oil, ethylene oxide9) Физиология: Essential Oils10) Вычислительная техника: Europe Online (Netzwerk), End Office (Telephony)11) СМИ: End Opening12) Деловая лексика: Economical Office, Establishing Operation13) Сетевые технологии: electronic office, электронное учреждение14) Макаров: electrooptic, electrooptical15) Печатные платы: engineering order, engineering change order16) Должность: Eminent Occultist17) Правительство: Eastern Oregon -
13 ESR
1) Медицина: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (СОЭ, скорость оседания эритроцитов), СОЭ (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), РОЭ2) Спорт: Extreme Speed Racing3) Военный термин: ELINT Summary Report, East Surrey Regiment, European security region, engineering summary report, engineering support request, equipment status report, equivalent service rounds, expeditious shipping request4) Техника: early site review, effective signal radiation, electro slag remelting, electronic scanning recorder, electronic spin resonance, engineering service request, estimate scope of revision, experimental superheat reactor6) Телекоммуникации: отношение ошибок к повреждённым секундам, errored second ratio7) Сокращение: Effective Sonar Range, Electro-Slag Refined steel, European Staff Requirement8) Университет: Environmental And Scientific Research9) Физиология: Endonasal Sphenoid Release10) Вычислительная техника: Event Service Routine (IPX)12) Онкология: Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate13) Связь: Edge Switch Router (Alcatel 7420 ESR)14) Транспорт: Eat Sleep Ride, Electric Start And Reverse15) Образование: English For Selected Readers16) Полимеры: electron-spin resonance, electroslag remelting18) Расширение файла: Event Service Routine19) Нефть и газ: energy sector report, existing substances regulations20) Электротехника: effective series resistance, excitation system response21) Имена и фамилии: Eric S Raymond22) ООН: Emergency Situation Report -
14 safety
надёжность; безопасность; предохранительное устройство; II безопасный; надёжный- safety actuation system - safety aid - safety alarm - safety air bag - safety area - safety arrangements - safety assurance - safety audit- road- safety block - safety car - safety chamber - safety chassis - safety check - safety code regulations - safety commander - safety committee - safety communication - safety conditions - safety control - safety cutoff - safety cushion - safety cutoff switch - safety cutout - safety cutout device - safety direction - safety disk - safety distance - safety drive torque device - safety education - safety element - safety enclosure - safety factor of insulation - safety feature - safety feed clutch - safety fence - safety-first engineering - safety first sign - safety flange - safety fuse - safety gap - safety goggles - safety guards - safety guidelines - safety guy - safety hat - safety hazard - safety helmet - safety hitch - safety index - safety inner tube - safety isle - safety joint - safety joint box - safety joint pin - safety key - safety lamp - safety lane - safety latch - safety level - safety light barrier - safety light curtain - safety limit - safety limit area access - safety limit switch - safety line - safety lock pin - safety locking bolt - safety margin - safety marking - safety mask - safety mat - safety measures - safety outlet - safety panel - safety precautions - safety pressure switch - safety rail - safety railing - safety ratio - safety regulation - safety regulator valve - safety relay - safety release - safety relief valve - safety risk - safety rod - safety rope - safety screen - safety screw - safety service - safety shutdown - safety side rail - safety sign - safety signal - safety slip clutch - safety specifications - safety spectacles - safety spring - safety stair - safety stop - safety stop dog - safety strap - safety strip - safety switch - safety system - safety system amplifier - safety system support features - safety tap chuck - safety thermal-relief valve - safety tips - safety tool - safety traffic - safety tread - safety trip cable - safety tyre - safety valve - safety valve nipple - safety valve of a hydraulic system - safety vent - safety washer - safety weight - safety winch - safety-wire - safety wiring - safety working area - safety working conditions - safety zone - active car safety - complete safety - electrical safety - electrical controlled fall safety - passive car safety - pedestrian safety - road safety -
15 техника
жен.
1) engineering;
technics мн., technique техника безопасности наука и техника
2) (приемы исполнения) technique овладеть техникой
3) коллект. (оборудование, вооружение) (technical) equipment;
(машины) machinery
4) воен. materiel боевая техникатехник|а - ж.
1. (область человеческой деятельности) engineering technology, industrial arts;
передовая ~ advanced technology;
~ связи communication technologies;
достижения ~и technical achievements, achievements in technology;
область ~и field of technology;
тенденции в развитии ~и trends in technology;
вычислительная ~ computer science;
счётно-вычислительная ~ computer technology;
2. собир. (оборудование) equipment, machinery, plant;
беречь ~у look after machinery;
боевая ~ fighting equipment;
material;
морально устаревшая ~ morally obsolete equipment;
~ новых поколений new generations of equipment;
особо точная ~ high-precision equipment;
разгрузочная ~ unloading facilities;
сложная ~ sophisticated equipment;
внедрение новой ~и и технологии introduction of the latest machinery and technology;
3. (приёмы исполнения) technique(s) ;
~ шахматной игры chess technique;
музыкальная ~ musical technique;
~ работы operational techniques pl. ;
~ обработки processing technique;
~ производства manufacturing technique;
~ работы work/operation technique;
~ руководства management technique;
~ безопасности safety devices, accident prevention;
нормы ~и безопасности safety standard;
правила ~и безопасности factory safety rules;
соблюдать правила ~и безопасности observe safety rules and regulations. -
16 BPR
1) Военный термин: battery plotting room2) Техника: base program register, battery-powered recorder, beryllium physics reactor, bottom priority, burnable poison rod3) Сельское хозяйство: Barred Plymouth Rock4) Сокращение: Business Process Re-engineering, Bypass Ratio5) Вычислительная техника: перестройка процессов деятельности фирмы, реинжиниринг бизнес-процессов, реорганизация бизнес-процессов6) Деловая лексика: Backup Professional Requester, Business Purpose Realignment7) Промышленность: Biocidal Products Regulations8) Сетевые технологии: Business Process Reengineering9) Программирование: реинжиниринг бизнес-процесса (см. business process reengineering)10) Океанография: Bottom Pressure Recorder11) Расширение файла: Business Process Re-engineering (Linux)12) SAP.тех. отношение деловых партнёров13) Фармация: ( batch production record) Журнал производства партии14) Международная торговля: A Business Product Reengineering -
17 EAR
1) Общая лексика: Electrical Appliance Register, ожидаемая средняя потребность2) Военный термин: end of air refueling, engineering abstract report, engineering analysis report, escape and rescue3) Техника: electromagnetic activity receiver, electronic audio recognition, event analysis report, experimental array radar4) Экономика: Европейское Агентство Развития (European Agency for Reconstruction)5) Бухгалтерия: Equivalent Annual Rate, effective annual rate (of interest)6) Страхование: erection all risks (все монтажные риски)7) Сокращение: Echelon Audio Receiver, Electronically Agile Radar, Export Administration Regulations8) Физиология: Emergency Artificial Respiration, Expired Air Resuscitation9) Вычислительная техника: Early Access Release10) Нефть: estimated additional resources11) Воздухоплавание: Employee Appraisal Record12) Программирование: Exclusive Allow Read13) Расширение файла: External Access Register14) Нефть и газ: external air resuscitation, Environmental Annual Report, Annual Environmental Report15) Должность: Earnings After Retirement, Emerging Artist Representative16) Аэропорты: Kearney, Nebraska USA -
18 ear
1) Общая лексика: Electrical Appliance Register, ожидаемая средняя потребность2) Военный термин: end of air refueling, engineering abstract report, engineering analysis report, escape and rescue3) Техника: electromagnetic activity receiver, electronic audio recognition, event analysis report, experimental array radar4) Экономика: Европейское Агентство Развития (European Agency for Reconstruction)5) Бухгалтерия: Equivalent Annual Rate, effective annual rate (of interest)6) Страхование: erection all risks (все монтажные риски)7) Сокращение: Echelon Audio Receiver, Electronically Agile Radar, Export Administration Regulations8) Физиология: Emergency Artificial Respiration, Expired Air Resuscitation9) Вычислительная техника: Early Access Release10) Нефть: estimated additional resources11) Воздухоплавание: Employee Appraisal Record12) Программирование: Exclusive Allow Read13) Расширение файла: External Access Register14) Нефть и газ: external air resuscitation, Environmental Annual Report, Annual Environmental Report15) Должность: Earnings After Retirement, Emerging Artist Representative16) Аэропорты: Kearney, Nebraska USA -
19 Denny, William
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 25 May 1847 Dumbarton, Scotlandd. 17 March 1887 Buenos Aires, Argentina[br]Scottish naval architect and partner in the leading British scientific shipbuilding company.[br]From 1844 until 1962, the Clyde shipyard of William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton, produced over 1,500 ships, trained innumerable students of all nationalities in shipbuilding and marine engineering, and for the seventy-plus years of their existence were accepted worldwide as the leaders in the application of science to ship design and construction. Until the closure of the yard members of the Denny family were among the partners and later directors of the firm: they included men as distinguished as Dr Peter Denny (1821(?)–95), Sir Archibald Denny (1860–1936) and Sir Maurice Denny (1886– 1955), the main collaborator in the design of the Denny-Brown ship stabilizer.One of the most influential of this shipbuilding family was William Denny, now referred to as William 3! His early education was at Dumbarton, then on Jersey and finally at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, before he commenced an apprenticeship at his father's shipyard. From the outset he not only showed great aptitude for learning and hard work but also displayed an ability to create good relationships with all he came into contact with. At the early age of 21 he was admitted a partner of the shipbuilding business of William Denny and Brothers, and some years later also of the associated engineering firm of Denny \& Co. His deep-felt interest in what is now known as industrial relations led him in 1871 to set up a piecework system of payment in the shipyard. In this he was helped by the Yard Manager, Richard Ramage, who later was to found the Leith shipyard, which produced the world's most elegant steam yachts. This research was published later as a pamphlet called The Worth of Wages, an unusual and forward-looking action for the 1860s, when Denny maintained that an absentee employer should earn as much contempt and disapproval as an absentee landlord! In 1880 he initiated an awards scheme for all company employees, with grants and awards for inventions and production improvements. William Denny was not slow to impose new methods and to research naval architecture, a special interest being progressive ship trials with a view to predicting effective horsepower. In time this led to his proposal to the partners to build a ship model testing tank beside the Dumbarton shipyard; this scheme was completed in 1883 and was to the third in the world (after the Admiralty tank at Torquay, managed by William Froude and the Royal Netherlands Navy facility at Amsterdam, under B.J. Tideman. In 1876 the Denny Shipyard started work with mild-quality shipbuilding steel on hulls for the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, and in 1879 the world's first two ships of any size using this weight-saving material were produced: they were the Rotomahana for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and the Buenos Ayrean for the Allan Line of Glasgow. On the naval-architecture side he was involved in Denny's proposals for standard cross curves of stability for all ships, which had far-reaching effects and are now accepted worldwide. He served on the committee working on improvements to the Load Line regulations and many other similar public bodies. After a severe bout of typhoid and an almost unacceptable burden of work, he left the United Kingdom for South America in June 1886 to attend to business with La Platense Flotilla Company, an associate company of William Denny and Brothers. In March the following year, while in Buenos Aires, he died by his own hand, a death that caused great and genuine sadness in the West of Scotland and elsewhere.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1886. FRS Edinburgh 1879.BibliographyWilliam Denny presented many papers to various bodies, the most important being to the Institution of Naval Architects and to the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland. The subjects include: trials results, the relation of ship speed to power, Lloyd's Numerals, tonnage measurement, layout of shipyards, steel in shipbuilding, cross curves of stability, etc.Further ReadingA.B.Bruce, 1889, The Life of William Denny, Shipbuilder, London: Hodder \& Stoughton.Denny Dumbarton 1844–1932 (a souvenir hard-back produced for private circulation by the shipyard).Fred M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.FMW -
20 Shaw, Percy
[br]b. 1889 Yorkshire, England d. 1975[br]English inventor of the "catseye" reflecting roadstud.[br]Little is known of Shaw's youth, but in the 1930s he was running a comparatively successful business repairing roads. One evening in 1933, he was driving to his home in Halifax, West Yorkshire; it was late, dark and foggy and only the reflection of his headlights from the tram-tracks guided him and kept him on the road. He decided to find or make an alternative to tramlines, which were not universal and by that time were being taken up as trams were being replaced with diesel buses.Shaw needed a place to work and bought the old Boothtown Mansion, a cloth-merchant's house built in the mid-eighteenth century. There he devoted himself to the production of a prototype of the reflecting roadstud, inspired by the reflective nature of a cat's eyes. Shaw's design consisted of a prism backed by an aluminium mirror, set in pairs in a rubber casing; when traffic passed over the stud, the prisms would be wiped clean as the casing was depressed. In 1934, Shaw obtained permission from the county surveyor to lay, at his own expense, a short stretch of catseyes on a main highway near his home: fifty were laid at Brightlington cross-roads, an accident blackspot near Bradford. This was inspected by a number of surveyors in 1936. The first order for catseyes had already been placed in 1935, for a pedestrian crossing in Baldon, Yorkshire. There were alternative designs in existence, particularly in France, and in 1937 the Ministry of Transport laid an 8 km (5 mile) stretch in Oxfordshire with sample lengths of different types of studs. After two years, most of them had fractured, become displaced or ceased to reflect; only the product of Shaw's company, Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd, was still in perfect condition. The outbreak of the Second World War brought blackout regulations, which caused a great boost to sales of reflecting roadstuds; orders reached some 40,000 per week. Production was limited, however, due to the shortage of rubber supplies after the Japanese overran South-East Asia; until the end of the war, only about 12,000 catseyes were produced a year.Over fifty million catseyes have been installed in Britain, where on average there are about two hundred and fifty catseyes in each kilometre of road, if laid in a single line. The success of Shaw's invention brought him great wealth, although he continued to live in the same house, without curtains—which obstructed his view—or carpets—which harboured odours and germs. He had three Rolls-Royce cars, and four television sets which were permanently switched on while he was at home, each tuned to a different channel.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1965.Further ReadingE.de Bono (ed.), 1979, Eureka, London: Thames \& Hudson."Percy's bright idea", En Route (the magazine of the Caravan Club), reprinted in The Police Review, 23 March 1983.IMcN
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